Which organizations provide ethical guidelines used in AI security?

• A. UNESCO
• B. IBM
• C. US Department of Defense
• D. All of the above

Answer: (D)

The question tests awareness of where formal ethical guidance for AI security comes from. UNESCO has issued global guidance on the ethics of artificial intelligence, focusing on fairness, transparency, accountability, privacy, and human rights. IBM has published widely adopted AI ethics principles and practical tools to implement them, such as frameworks for fairness, explainability, and governance across AI systems. The U.S. Department of Defense has established ethics principles for the use of AI in defense, emphasizing safety, reliability, accountability, and alignment with legal and ethical standards. Since each of these organizations provides established guidelines that shape how AI should be developed, evaluated, and deployed to be responsible and secure, the best answer is all of the above.